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Image Credits

Patina's citizenship and English study materials use public-domain images, chiefly from the U.S. Library of Congress, the U.S. National Archives, and Wikimedia Commons, plus a small amount of licensed and original artwork. Sources are listed below. If you believe any image is credited incorrectly, please let us know.

U.S. government & Library of Congress

Public domain. Library of Congress items are marked “no known restrictions on publication”; U.S. federal works are public domain under 17 U.S.C. §105.

• U.S. Capitol — Carol M. Highsmith Archive, Library of Congress. loc.gov/item/2011630770
• The White House — Carol M. Highsmith Archive, Library of Congress. loc.gov/item/2011633022
• U.S. Supreme Court — Carol M. Highsmith Archive, Library of Congress. loc.gov/item/2011630083
• U.S. Capitol dome — Carol M. Highsmith Archive, Library of Congress. loc.gov/item/2011630697
• Statue of Liberty — Carol M. Highsmith Archive, Library of Congress. loc.gov/item/2011632115
• Mississippi River — Carol M. Highsmith Archive, Library of Congress. loc.gov/item/2016630646
• Fireworks over the National Mall — Carol M. Highsmith Archive, Library of Congress. loc.gov/item/2010630678
• U.S. flag — Carol M. Highsmith Archive, Library of Congress. loc.gov/item/2021757041
• Naturalization ceremony — U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (DHS), via Wikimedia Commons
• Martin Luther King, Jr. (1964) — Marion S. Trikosko, U.S. News & World Report Collection, Library of Congress. loc.gov/item/2003688129
• D-Day landing (“Into the Jaws of Death,” 1944) — Chief Photographer’s Mate Robert F. Sargent, U.S. Coast Guard; U.S. National Archives (NAID 195515)
• American soldiers, World War I (France, 1918) — U.S. Army Signal Corps, Library of Congress
• President Reagan at the Brandenburg Gate (1987) — White House Photographic Office; U.S. National Archives (198585)
• F-105 over Vietnam (1966); F-16/F-15 over Kuwait (1991) — U.S. Air Force
• Korean War (U.S. soldiers advancing to the front) — Library of Congress
• War on Terror (U.S. soldiers, Afghanistan) — U.S. Army (10th Mountain Division), via Wikimedia Commons
• U.S. reference map — National Atlas of the United States (U.S. government, public domain)
• The Star-Spangled Banner flag — Smithsonian Institution (National Museum of American History)

Citizenship hub cards

Photographs on the Patina Citizenship hub's activity cards. Each is a U.S. government work or dedicated to the public domain (CC0), cropped for the card layout.

• American flag flying — U.S. Department of Defense photo (public domain), via Wikimedia Commons
• New citizens taking the Oath of Allegiance — U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services / DHS (public domain), via Wikimedia Commons
• New citizens waving flags at a naturalization ceremony — U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services / DHS (public domain), via Wikimedia Commons
• Writing with a pencil in a notebook — Thought Catalog, CC0 public domain dedication, via Wikimedia Commons

Historical works

In the public domain because the original works pre-date 1929.

• Founding documents — The Declaration of Independence, the U.S. Constitution, and the Bill of Rights. Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons and the Library of Congress.
• Portraits — George Washington, Thomas Jefferson, Benjamin Franklin, James Madison (John Vanderlyn, 1816), Alexander Hamilton (John Trumbull, 1806), Abraham Lincoln, Susan B. Anthony, Franklin D. Roosevelt (Elias Goldensky, 1933), and Dwight D. Eisenhower (official White House portrait, 1959). Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons.
• War artworks & posters — “Washington Crossing the Delaware” (Emanuel Leutze, 1851) and 19th-century prints of the War of 1812, the Mexican-American War, and the Spanish-American War; the 1917 “Flag Day” poster. Public domain.

Important Documents study guide

The ten pictures on the Important Documents guide. Every one is a reproduction of a work published before 1929, a U.S. federal government work, or both.

• The Declaration of Independence (engrossed original, 1776) — U.S. National Archives. NARA: “These images are in the public domain and no permission is required to use them.” archives.gov/founding-docs/declaration
• The U.S. Constitution (engrossed page 1, 1787) — U.S. National Archives. archives.gov/founding-docs/constitution
• The Federalist Papers (1788 title page, Volume I) — Printed by J. and A. M‘Lean, New York, 1788; Thomas Jefferson’s copy, inscribed by Elizabeth Hamilton. Library of Congress, Rare Book and Special Collections Division. loc.gov/item/09021562
• The Bill of Rights (engrossed original, 1789, ratified 1791) — U.S. National Archives. NARA: “These images are in the public domain and no permission is required to use them.” archives.gov/founding-docs/bill-of-rights
• The Emancipation Proclamation (page 1, 1863) — U.S. National Archives, Record Group 11, Presidential Proclamation 95. Public domain under 17 U.S.C. §105, via Wikimedia Commons
• The 14th Amendment (joint resolution, H.R. Res. 127, 1866) — U.S. National Archives, Record Group 11. Public domain under 17 U.S.C. §105, via Wikimedia Commons
• The 15th Amendment (“The Fifteenth Amendment. Celebrated May 19th 1870”) — Lithograph after a design by James C. Beard, published by Thomas Kelly, New York, 1870. Library of Congress, Prints & Photographs Division, no known restrictions on publication. loc.gov/pictures/item/2003690776
• The 19th Amendment (H.J. Res. 1, 66th Congress, 1919) — U.S. National Archives, enrolled joint resolution. Public domain under 17 U.S.C. §105. archives.gov/milestone-documents/19th-amendment
• The 24th Amendment (S.J. Res. 29, 87th Congress, 1962) — U.S. National Archives, enrolled joint resolution. Public domain under 17 U.S.C. §105. archives.gov/milestone-documents/24th-amendment
• The 26th Amendment (S.J. Res. 7, 92nd Congress, 1971) — U.S. National Archives, enrolled joint resolution. Public domain under 17 U.S.C. §105. archives.gov/milestone-documents/26th-amendment

The United States Government and its Constitution (chapter 3)

The four pictures on this chapter are the same public-domain images credited elsewhere on this page: the U.S. Constitution and the Bill of Rights from the U.S. National Archives (see Important Documents), and the U.S. Supreme Court and the U.S. Capitol dome from the Carol M. Highsmith Archive at the Library of Congress (loc.gov/item/2011630083, loc.gov/item/2011630697). The map of the Constitution is Patina's own drawing.

Congress study guide

The pictures on the Congress guide. Four come from third parties; each is a work of the U.S. federal government, a Library of Congress item with no known restrictions on publication, or both.

• The U.S. Capitol (east front) — Carol M. Highsmith Archive, Library of Congress, Prints & Photographs Division. No known restrictions on publication. loc.gov/item/2011630770
• The Senate chamber, 30 December 1936 — Harris & Ewing, photographer. Library of Congress, Prints & Photographs Division. No known restrictions on publication. loc.gov/item/2016871037
• The House of Representatives in its chamber, 6 December 1909 — George Grantham Bain Collection, Library of Congress, Prints & Photographs Division. No known restrictions on publication. loc.gov/item/2014684397
• Citizens lined up to vote, Arlington, Virginia, 7 November 1944 — U.S. Farm Security Administration / Office of War Information. Library of Congress: the FSA/OWI black-and-white negatives are in the public domain. loc.gov/item/2017868148
• The Speaker’s rostrum, House chamber — Office of the Speaker of the U.S. House of Representatives. Public domain under 17 U.S.C. §105, via Wikimedia Commons

The President study guide

The pictures on The President guide. Each is a work of the U.S. federal government, a Library of Congress item with no known restrictions on publication, or both.

• The White House from the South Lawn — Carol M. Highsmith Archive, Library of Congress, Prints & Photographs Division. No known restrictions on publication. loc.gov/item/2011633022
• President Truman delivering his inaugural address at the Capitol, 20 January 1949 — Photograph by Abbie Rowe. U.S. National Archives and Records Administration (Harry S. Truman Library). Public domain under 17 U.S.C. §105. catalog.archives.gov/id/199971
• President Lyndon B. Johnson signing the Civil Rights Act, 2 July 1964 — Photograph by Cecil Stoughton, White House Press Office. Lyndon B. Johnson Presidential Library (photo 18031). Public domain under 17 U.S.C. §105, via Wikimedia Commons
• A Cabinet meeting in the Cabinet Room of the White House, 20 April 2009 — Photograph by Pete Souza, Chief Official White House Photographer. Official White House Photostream (photo 3484864356). Public domain under 17 U.S.C. §105, via Wikimedia Commons
• The 1860 Certificate of Vote of the Massachusetts electors — U.S. National Archives and Records Administration. The 1860 document is long out of copyright and the reproduction is a federal work. catalog.archives.gov/id/134379651
• The Oval Office, 22 April 1981 — White House Photographic Office. U.S. National Archives and Records Administration (Ronald Reagan Presidential Library). Public domain under 17 U.S.C. §105. catalog.archives.gov/id/75852919

Early American History study guide

The pictures on the Early American History guide. All four are Library of Congress items: two carry the Library’s “no known restrictions on publication” statement, and two are public domain in the United States by age.

• A courtyard at Sky City, Acoma Pueblo, New Mexico, 2008 — Photograph by Carol M. Highsmith. Carol M. Highsmith Archive, Library of Congress, Prints & Photographs Division. No known restrictions on publication. loc.gov/item/2020742581
• “Spanish caravel Santa Maria”, the full-size copy of Christopher Columbus’s ship, photographed by Edward H. Hart in 1893 — Detroit Publishing Company Collection, Library of Congress, Prints & Photographs Division. No known restrictions on publication. loc.gov/item/2016804353
• “Stowage of the British slave ship Brookes under the regulated slave trade act of 1788”, printed at Liverpool in 1884 — Printed Ephemera Collection, Rare Book and Special Collections Division, Library of Congress. Published 1884; public domain in the United States by age. loc.gov/item/98504459
• “The Thirteen Original Colonies in 1774”, sheet 15 of McConnell’s Historical Maps of the United States, Chicago, 1919 — Geography and Map Division, Library of Congress. Published 1919; public domain in the United States by age. loc.gov/item/2009581130

1775 to 1800 study guide

The five pictures on the 1775 to 1800 guide. Four of them are the same scans credited elsewhere on this page, kept in the guide’s own folder; the fifth is the Leutze painting credited under the study guides above. Every one is a reproduction of a work published before 1929, a U.S. federal government work, or both.

• “Washington Crossing the Delaware” (Emanuel Leutze, 1851) — Public domain by age. The same file used on the Wars guide.
• The Declaration of Independence (engrossed original, 1776) — U.S. National Archives. NARA: “These images are in the public domain and no permission is required to use them.” archives.gov/founding-docs/declaration
• The U.S. Constitution (engrossed page 1, 1787) — U.S. National Archives. archives.gov/founding-docs/constitution
• The Federalist Papers (1788 title page, Volume I) — Printed by J. and A. M‘Lean, New York, 1788; Thomas Jefferson’s copy, inscribed by Elizabeth Hamilton. Library of Congress, Rare Book and Special Collections Division. loc.gov/item/09021562
• George Washington (the “Williamstown” portrait, Gilbert Stuart, c. 1796–1803, Clark Art Institute) — Public domain by age, via Wikimedia Commons. The same file used on the Important Americans guide.

The 1800s study guide

The seven pictures on The 1800s guide. Three are new here; the other four are the same scans credited elsewhere on this page, kept in the guide’s own folder. Every one is a Library of Congress item with no known restrictions on publication, a reproduction of a work published before 1929, or both.

• “Louisiana Purchase, 1803. Florida Purchase, 1819”, sheet 21 of McConnell’s Historical Maps of the United States, Chicago, 1919 — Geography and Map Division, Library of Congress. Published 1919; public domain in the United States by age. loc.gov/item/2009581130
• Company E, 4th U.S. Colored Infantry, at Fort Lincoln, District of Columbia — Photograph by William Morris Smith, glass negative, 1863–1866. Civil War Glass Negatives and Related Prints, Library of Congress, Prints & Photographs Division. No known restrictions on publication. loc.gov/item/2018667050
• The Battle of New Orleans, War of 1812 (painting) — Public domain by age. The same file used on the Wars guide.
• Abraham Lincoln (photograph, 1860s) — Public domain by age. The same file used on the Important Americans guide.
• The 15th Amendment (“The Fifteenth Amendment. Celebrated May 19th 1870”) — Lithograph after a design by James C. Beard, published by Thomas Kelly, New York, 1870. Library of Congress, Prints & Photographs Division, no known restrictions on publication. The same file used on the Important Documents guide. loc.gov/pictures/item/2003690776
• Harriet Tubman (carte de visite portrait, 1868 or 1869) — Photograph by Benjamin F. Powelson, Auburn, New York. Library of Congress, Prints & Photographs Division, and the Smithsonian National Museum of African American History and Culture. No known restrictions on publication. loc.gov/item/2018645050

1900 to 1945 study guide

The four pictures on the 1900 to 1945 guide. All four are the same scans credited elsewhere on this page, kept in the guide’s own folder; two of them were cropped to this guide’s frame (the scan border and the archive’s catalogue number removed), which changes nothing about their rights. Each is a work of the U.S. federal government under 17 U.S.C. §105 or a reproduction of a work published before 1929.

• The joint resolution proposing the 19th Amendment (H.J. Res. 1, 66th Congress, 1919) — U.S. National Archives. A work of the U.S. federal government, public domain under 17 U.S.C. §105. The same file used on the Important Documents guide. archives.gov/milestone-documents/19th-amendment
• American soldiers in a trench in France, World War I — U.S. Army Signal Corps. National Archives and Records Administration, 111-SC-26401 / NARA 55212319. A work of the U.S. federal government, public domain under 17 U.S.C. §105. The same scan used on the Wars guide, cropped here to the printed frame. Wikimedia Commons
• Franklin D. Roosevelt, presidential portrait, 1933 — Photograph by Elias Goldensky (died 1943). Public domain by age. The same file used on the Important Americans guide.
• “Into the Jaws of Death”, American soldiers landing in Normandy, 6 June 1944 — Photograph by Robert F. Sargent, U.S. Coast Guard. National Archives and Records Administration, NAID 195515. A work of the U.S. federal government, public domain under 17 U.S.C. §105. The same file used on the Wars guide.

1945 to today study guide

The six pictures on the 1945 to today guide. The Apollo 11 photograph is new here; the other five are the same scans credited elsewhere on this page, kept in the guide’s own folder, and two of them were cropped to this guide’s frame, which changes nothing about their rights. Each is a work of the U.S. federal government under 17 U.S.C. §105 or a Library of Congress item with no known restrictions on publication.

• Buzz Aldrin on the surface of the Moon, Apollo 11, 20 July 1969 (AS11-40-5903) — Photograph by Neil A. Armstrong with a 70 mm lunar surface camera. NASA, Johnson Space Center. A work of the U.S. federal government, public domain under 17 U.S.C. §105. images.nasa.gov/details/as11-40-5903
• A U.S. president speaking at the Brandenburg Gate, Berlin, 12 June 1987 — White House photograph. National Archives and Records Administration, 198585. A work of the U.S. federal government, public domain under 17 U.S.C. §105. The same file used on the Wars guide.
• “American soldiers advancing to the front”, Korea — Library of Congress, Prints & Photographs Division. No known restrictions on publication. The same scan used on the Wars guide, cropped here to the printed frame.
• Martin Luther King, Jr. at a press conference, 1964 — Photograph by Marion S. Trikosko. U.S. News & World Report Magazine Photograph Collection, Library of Congress, Prints & Photographs Division. No known restrictions on publication. The same scan used on the Important Americans guide, with the negative’s black edges trimmed. loc.gov/item/2003688129
• U.S. Air Force fighters over burning Kuwaiti oil fields, Operation Desert Storm, 1991 — U.S. Air Force. A work of the U.S. federal government, public domain under 17 U.S.C. §105. The same file used on the Wars guide.
• Soldiers of the 10th Mountain Division boarding a CH-47 Chinook, Afghanistan, 2003 — U.S. Army. A work of the U.S. federal government, public domain under 17 U.S.C. §105. The same file used on the Wars guide.

Being a citizen study guide

The pictures on the Being a citizen guide. Each is a work of the U.S. federal government or a Library of Congress item with no known restrictions on publication. The Bill of Rights picture is the same National Archives scan credited under the Important Documents guide above.

• New citizens at a naturalization ceremony in the National Archives rotunda, Washington, D.C., 13 December 2024 — Photograph by Susana Raab. U.S. National Archives and Records Administration. Public domain under 17 U.S.C. §105, via Wikimedia Commons
• Applicants taking the Oath of Allegiance at a naturalization ceremony, Yellowstone National Park — Photograph by Neal Herbert, National Park Service. Public domain under 17 U.S.C. §105, via Wikimedia Commons
• Three women at a polling place, 5 November 1957 — Photograph by Thomas J. O’Halloran. U.S. News & World Report Magazine Photograph Collection, Library of Congress, Prints & Photographs Division. No known restrictions on publication. loc.gov/item/2015651653
• A community meeting in the Bordeaux neighborhood of Nashville, Tennessee, 11 May 2010 — Photograph by David Fine, Federal Emergency Management Agency. Public domain under 17 U.S.C. §105, via Wikimedia Commons
• The top of IRS Form 1040, U.S. Individual Income Tax Return (2025) — Internal Revenue Service. A work of the U.S. federal government, public domain under 17 U.S.C. §105. irs.gov/forms-pubs/about-form-1040

The courts study guide

The pictures on The courts guide. Each is a work of the U.S. federal government or a Library of Congress item with no known restrictions on publication.

• The west front of the U.S. Supreme Court Building — Carol M. Highsmith Archive, Library of Congress, Prints & Photographs Division. No known restrictions on publication. loc.gov/item/2011630083
• The Supreme Court chamber and the raised bench, 16 February 1979 — U.S. News & World Report Magazine Photograph Collection, Library of Congress, Prints & Photographs Division. No known restrictions on publication. loc.gov/item/2021637547
• The nine justices, formal group photograph, October 2022 — Photograph by Fred Schilling. Collection of the Supreme Court of the United States. Public domain under 17 U.S.C. §105. supremecourt.gov/about/justices.aspx
• The Supreme Court bench seen from the front, 16 February 1979 — U.S. News & World Report Magazine Photograph Collection, Library of Congress, Prints & Photographs Division. No known restrictions on publication. loc.gov/item/2021637548

Federal and state study guide

The pictures on the Federal and state guide. Each is a work of the U.S. federal government or a Library of Congress item with no known restrictions on publication.

• The press room of the United States Mint at San Francisco, between about 1870 and 1930 — Records of the U.S. Mint (Record Group 104), series “Photographs of Operations”. U.S. National Archives and Records Administration, NAID 296568. Public domain under 17 U.S.C. §105, via Wikimedia Commons
• West High School, Denver, Colorado — Carol M. Highsmith Archive, Library of Congress, Prints & Photographs Division. No known restrictions on publication. loc.gov/item/2015633621
• The engrossed Bill of Rights, 1789 (the last articles) — U.S. National Archives. A work of the U.S. federal government, and long out of copyright by age. archives.gov/founding-docs/bill-of-rights
• The Colorado State Capitol, Denver — Carol M. Highsmith Archive, Library of Congress, Prints & Photographs Division. No known restrictions on publication. loc.gov/item/2015633084

Airport signs

• The seventeen airport pictograms — AIGA/DOT Symbol Signs, designed for the U.S. Department of Transportation and released to the public domain. Via Wikimedia Commons (aiga.org/resources/symbol-signs). No attribution is required; it is here because they are third-party files. The unisex restroom sign is a separate public-domain file from the same category.

Road signs

• The fourteen U.S. road signs — Standard sign designs published by the Federal Highway Administration in the Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices (MUTCD). Works of the U.S. federal government, in the public domain. Via Wikimedia Commons (mutcd.fhwa.dot.gov). No attribution is required; they are listed here because they are third-party files.

Computer and phone symbols

• The sixteen computer and phone symbols (Tech Words, Tech Sprint) — Material Symbols by Google, under the Apache License 2.0. Via fonts.google.com/icons, set on Patina's own tile. No attribution is required; they are listed here because they are third-party files.

Illustration

• “The American Story” cover collage — Original AI-generated artwork (created for Patina).

Other imagery

• Statue of Liberty, close view (home page) — Photograph by Patricia Burilli Fencz. Licensed stock, Shutterstock standard license (asset 2563896083).
• Hero & game photography — Licensed stock imagery.
• Logos, icons & app screenshots — Original to Patina Education.
• Google Meet screenshots (Digital Skills for Instructors) — Screenshots of Google Meet, recorded by Patina Education. Google and the Google logo are trademarks of Google LLC.
• Zoom screenshots (Digital Skills for Instructors) — Screenshots and screen recordings of zoom.com and the Zoom web portal, recorded by Patina Education. Zoom is a trademark of Zoom Communications, Inc.
• WhatsApp screenshots (Digital Skills for Instructors) — Screenshots and screen recordings of WhatsApp for Mac and whatsapp.com, recorded by Patina Education. WhatsApp is a trademark of WhatsApp LLC.

Many of the Library of Congress images are from the Carol M. Highsmith Archive, generously dedicated to the public domain. If you believe an image is credited incorrectly, please get in touch through the Mission page.